Apart from natural calamities, intrinsic composition and insects, we humans rank highest in causing damage to an artwork. Surprised? Here is a brief look at some of the most likely damage.
Handling
Breakages or tears in the surface, loose or missing parts of the surface or medium, impact related damage, smudges to the medium
Stains from contact (including fingerprints), food materials, smoke, cosmetics and other domestic chemicals like cleaners
Presence of conditions that foster pests, or other environmental damage like contact with infested objects, poor storage, and exposure to excessive heat, humidity and direct light
Moving
Whether the move is from one wall to another, or between locations:
Always consider the best way to remove the artwork and get additional help if required especially for larger pieces
Prepare the final destination of the move before hand
Always wear gloves
Make sure that there is enough space to move around
Use equipment with care, even seemingly harmless pens
Ensure that the artwork is properly packed, use quality material
Use corners to avoid frames from getting damaged
It is not advisable to leave works packed for too long
Display
Wall
Ensure that the wall is not damp
Also check that there is no direct sunlight falling on the wall
Hanging
There should be some breathing space between the artwork and the wall, this will prevent the accumulation of dirt and moisture. This can be achieved by placing blocks on all four sides
Ensure that the fittings of the frame are sturdy and will hold for a prolonged period of time
Lighting
The most basic rule with lighting an artwork is to avoid displaying the artwork in direct sunlight
Exposure to strong artificial light for extended period is also not advisable as fixed lights over an artwork may cause localized heating
Lights should be placed a minimum of 10 feet from the artwork to avoid this
The recommended lighting for paintings is 200 lux. Light levels can be measured using a camera's light meter
Cleaning Some simple cleaning tips that can be followed at home:
Like other objects, artworks will collect dust and dirt over time. Dust can be removed using a very soft brush
Avoid feather and sheep skin dusters as their fibers attach to the surface
Check for flaking paint before dusting, and do not attempt to dust if the surface appears damaged or unstable
It is also important to clean the verso of the artwork in a similar manner; however the artwork should be removed from display and laid flat on a clean surface to do this
Do not attempt any repair yourself. This is a process that should only be carried out by fully qualified, professional conservators.
Framing An artwork on canvas comprises of the following:
The support frame on which the canvas is stretched, which is known as the stretcher and usually made of wood. If the canvas is of a larger size then the square stretcher should also have center supports
The frame around the painting, traditionally made of wood and available in a variety of finishes. However, off late, fiber frames simulating wood finishes are also available. Since they are not of organic material they are less susceptible to attacks from natural elements and pests
Storage
Environment
A stable storage environment is very important, and fluctuations in temperature and humidity, particularly in the short term, must be minimized
The best environment for the storage of artworks is a cool, dry one with good air circulation
Always seek professional advice for other storage requirements specific to your collection.
Pests
A lot of damage to paintings is caused by pests ranging from beetles and worms to moths and sometimes even rodents. Make sure the space where you store your artworks is free of food sources for such pests
In many cases, the artwork will be the food source itself, and so monitoring the storage is also important. Generally, pests like dark, warm, humid, and undisturbed areas so regular inspection of packed art is a must
Materials
The materials used to pack artworks for storage can affect their durability
The best materials are inert products that do not deteriorate over time. It is suggested that paintings on canvas be wrapped in unbleached muslin rather than plastic which will also allow the painting to breathe
Make sure to pack your artworks such that both physical damage and exposure to fluctuations of temperature and humidity are minimized.
Causes of Damage
If works of art are cared for correctly then one can minimize the external damage that can be caused to them. Some of the causes of such damage are:
Direct physical force, such as impact and wear and tear over time
Fire and excessive heat
Water damage from dampness, excessive moisture and leaks
Insects and other pests
Contaminants, such as smoke and other pollutants
Radiation from ultraviolet and infra-red light waves
Neglect
If these factors are limited effectively, damage to you artworks can be minimized.
